A female skipper butterfly lays eggs on the leaves; the eggs hatch, and young caterpillars roll themselves inside the edges, where they find protection while they feed on the foliage. Don't compost. Since these pests overwinter in the foliage and stems, also remove leaf debris after frost. Chemicals, including systemics, might diminish leafroller populations, but they also can harm bees and other beneficial insects, as well as aquatic life. The research I've read states Bt won't harm other animals, including aquatic life. In your article "Did Ben Franklin bring invasive tallow tree to Texas?," you say the trees are illegal. Rice University's Evan Siemann, co-author of a study in the July 2011 issue of the American Journal of Botany, says descendants of Franklin's trees remain in a few thousand square miles of coastal plain in northern Georgia and southern South Carolina. The crop tests failed, but when left unchecked, the fertile tallow marched across tall-grass prairies, replacing native plant species, and in turn, taking food and shelter from wildlife.
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